如何用ESP32通过MQTT(S)连接到华为云IoT平台？

1. 引言 2. 证书鉴权 相关文档链接： IoT文档_MQTT(S)协议接入_证书鉴权 此链接中提到了有两种证书： 自定义设备 CA 调测证书 （是华为云用来确认此设备是合法注册设备的证书，用于设备身份鉴权） 华为云 CA 根证书 （是验证华为云服务器身份的证书，确保是直连华为云 IoT，设备中必须持有对应的根证书来验证服务器） 我们这里只需要连接上华为云 IoT，所以暂时只需要第二个华为云 CA 根证书。 2.1 获取华为云 CA 根证书 华为云官方资源获取链接_证书资源 我们这里用的是 MQTT(S) 连接的华为云 IoT，下载最后一个即可： 2.2 获取 R3 根证书 打开下载好的压缩包，解压 C 中的文件，得到一份根证书 GlobalSign-rootca.pem： 点击查看代码 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIDXzCCAkegAwIBAgILBAAAAAABIVhTCKIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwTDEgMB4G A1UECxMXR2xvYmFsU2lnbiBSb290IENBIC0gUjMxEzARBgNVBAoTCkdsb2JhbFNp Z24xEzARBgNVBAMTCkdsb2JhbFNpZ24wHhcNMDkwMzE4MTAwMDAwWhcNMjkwMzE4 MTAwMDAwWjBMMSAwHgYDVQQLExdHbG9iYWxTaWduIFJvb3QgQ0EgLSBSMzETMBEG A1UEChMKR2xvYmFsU2lnbjETMBEGA1UEAxMKR2xvYmFsU2lnbjCCASIwDQYJKoZI hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMwldpB5BngiFvXAg7aEyiie/QV2EcWtiHL8 RgJDx7KKnQRfJMsuS+FggkbhUqsMgUdwbN1k0ev1LKMPgj0MK66X17YUhhB5uzsT gHeMCOFJ0mpiLx9e+pZo34knlTifBtc+ycsmWQ1z3rDI6SYOgxXG71uL0gRgykmm KPZpO/bLyCiR5Z2KYVc3rHQU3HTgOu5yLy6c+9C7v/U9AOEGM+iCK65TpjoWc4zd QQ4gOsC0p6Hpsk+QLjJg6VfLuQSSaGjlOCZgdbKfd/+RFO+uIEn8rUAVSNECMWEZ XriX7613t2Saer9fwRPvm2L7DWzgVGkWqQPabumDk3F2xmmFghcCAwEAAaNCMEAw DgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgEGMA8GA1UdEwEB/wQFMAMBAf8wHQYDVR0OBBYEFI/wS3+o LkUkrk1Q+mOai97i3Ru8MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQBLQNvAUKr+yAzv95ZU RUm7lgAJQayzE4aGKAczymvmdLm6AC2upArT9fHxD4q/c2dKg8dEe3jgr25sbwMp jjM5RcOO5LlXbKr8EpbsU8Yt5CRsuZRj+9xTaGdWPoO4zzUhw8lo/s7awlOqzJCK 6fBdRoyV3XpYKBovHd7NADdBj+1EbddTKJd+82cEHhXXipa0095MJ6RMG3NzdvQX mcIfeg7jLQitChws/zyrVQ4PkX4268NXSb7hLi18YIvDQVETI53O9zJrlAGomecs Mx86OyXShkDOOyyGeMlhLxS67ttVb9+E7gUJTb0o2HLO02JQZR7rkpeDMdmztcpH WD9f -----END CERTIFICATE----- -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIFgzCCA2ugAwIBAgIORea7A4Mzw4VlSOb/RVEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEMBQAwTDEg MB4GA1UECxMXR2xvYmFsU2lnbiBSb290IENBIC0gUjYxEzARBgNVBAoTCkdsb2Jh bFNpZ24xEzARBgNVBAMTCkdsb2JhbFNpZ24wHhcNMTQxMjEwMDAwMDAwWhcNMzQx MjEwMDAwMDAwWjBMMSAwHgYDVQQLExdHbG9iYWxTaWduIFJvb3QgQ0EgLSBSNjET MBEGA1UEChMKR2xvYmFsU2lnbjETMBEGA1UEAxMKR2xvYmFsU2lnbjCCAiIwDQYJ KoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggIPADCCAgoCggIBAJUH6HPKZvnsFMp7PPcNCPG0RQssgrRI xutbPK6DuEGSMxSkb3/pKszGsIhrxbaJ0cay/xTOURQh7ErdG1rG1ofuTToVBu1k ZguSgMpE3nOUTvOniX9PeGMIyBJQbUJmL025eShNUhqKGoC3GYEOfsSKvGRMIRxD aNc9PIrFsmbVkJq3MQbFvuJtMgamHvm566qjuL++gmNQ0PAYid/kD3n16qIfKtJw LnvnvJO7bVPiSHyMEAc4/2ayd2F+4OqMPKq0pPbzlUoSB239jLKJz9CgYXfIWHSw 1CM69106yqLbnQneXUQtkPGBzVeS+n68UARjNN9rkxi+azayOeSsJDa38O+2HBNX k7besvjihbdzorg1qkXy4J02oW9UivFyVm4uiMVRQkQVlO6jxTiWm05OWgtH8wY2 SXcwvHE35absIQh1/OZhFj931dmRl4QKbNQCTXTAFO39OfuD8l4UoQSwC+n+7o/h bguyCLNhZglqsQY6ZZZZwPA1/cnaKI0aEYdwgQqomnUdnjqGBQCe24DWJfncBZ4n WUx2OVvq+aWh2IMP0f/fMBH5hc8zSPXKbWQULHpYT9NLCEnFlWQaYw55PfWzjMpY rZxCRXluDocZXFSxZba/jJvcE+kNb7gu3GduyYsRtYQUigAZcIN5kZeR1Bonvzce MgfYFGM8KEyvAgMBAAGjYzBhMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjAPBgNVHRMBAf8EBTAD AQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBSubAWjkxPioufi1xzWx/B/yGdToDAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBSu bAWjkxPioufi1xzWx/B/yGdToDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwFAAOCAgEAgyXt6NH9lVLN nsAEoJFp5lzQhN7craJP6Ed41mWYqVuoPId8AorRbrcWc+ZfwFSY1XS+wc3iEZGt Ixg93eFyRJa0lV7Ae46ZeBZDE1ZXs6KzO7V33EByrKPrmzU+sQghoefEQzd5Mr61 55wsTLxDKZmOMNOsIeDjHfrYBzN2VAAiKrlNIC5waNrlU/yDXNOd8v9EDERm8tLj vUYAGm0CuiVdjaExUd1URhxN25mW7xocBFymFe944Hn+Xds+qkxV/ZoVqW/hpvvf cDDpw+5CRu3CkwWJ+n1jez/QcYF8AOiYrg54NMMl+68KnyBr3TsTjxKM4kEaSHpz oHdpx7Zcf4LIHv5YGygrqGytXm3ABdJ7t+uA/iU3/gKbaKxCXcPu9czc8FB10jZp nOZ7BN9uBmm23goJSFmH63sUYHpkqmlD75HHTOwY3WzvUy2MmeFe8nI+z1TIvWfs pA9MRf/TuTAjB0yPEL+GltmZWrSZVxykzLsViVO6LAUP5MSeGbEYNNVMnbrt9x+v JJUEeKgDu+6B5dpffItKoZB0JaezPkvILFa9x8jvOOJckvB595yEunQtYQEgfn7R 8k8HWV+LLUNS60YMlOH1Zkd5d9VUWx+tJDfLRVpOoERIyNiwmcUVhAn21klJwGW4 5hpxbqCo8YLoRT5s1gLXCmeDBVrJpBA= -----END CERTIFICATE----- -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIFWjCCA0KgAwIBAgISEdK7udcjGJ5AXwqdLdDfJWfRMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBDAUA MEYxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkJFMRkwFwYDVQQKExBHbG9iYWxTaWduIG52LXNhMRwwGgYD VQQDExNHbG9iYWxTaWduIFJvb3QgUjQ2MB4XDTE5MDMyMDAwMDAwMFoXDTQ2MDMy MDAwMDAwMFowRjELMAkGA1UEBhMCQkUxGTAXBgNVBAoTEEdsb2JhbFNpZ24gbnYt c2ExHDAaBgNVBAMTE0dsb2JhbFNpZ24gUm9vdCBSNDYwggIiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEB AQUAA4ICDwAwggIKAoICAQCsrHQy6LNl5brtQyYdpokNRbopiLKkHWPd08EsCVeJ OaFV6Wc0dwxu5FUdUiXSE2te4R2pt32JMl8Nnp8semNgQB+msLZ4j5lUlghYruQG vGIFAha/r6gjA7aUD7xubMLL1aa7DOn2wQL7Id5m3RerdELv8HQvJfTqa1VbkNud 316HCkD7rRlr+/fKYIje2sGP1q7Vf9Q8g+7XFkyDRTNrJ9CG0Bwta/OrffGFqfUo 0q3v84RLHIf8E6M6cqJaESvWJ3En7YEtbWaBkoe0G1h6zD8K+kZPTXhc+CtI4wSE y132tGqzZfxCnlEmIyDLPRT5ge1lFgBPGmSXZgjPjHvjK8Cd+RTyG/FWaha/LIWF zXg4mutCagI0GIMXTpRW+LaCtfOW3T3zvn8gdz57GSNrLNRyc0NXfeD412lPFzYE +cCQYDdF3uYM2HSNrpyibXRdQr4G9dlkbgIQrImwTDsHTUB+JMWKmIJ5jqSngiCN I/onccnfxkF0oE32kRbcRoxfKWMxWXEM2G/CtjJ9++ZdU6Z+Ffy7dXxd7Pj2Fxzs x2sZy/N78CsHpdlseVR2bJ0cpm4O6XkMqCNqo98bMDGfsVR7/mrLZqrcZdCinkqa ByFrgY/bxFn63iLABJzjqls2k+g9vXqhnQt2sQvHnf3PmKgGwvgqo6GDoLclcqUC 4wIDAQABo0IwQDAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAYYwDwYDVR0TAQH/BAUwAwEB/zAdBgNV HQ4EFgQUA1yrc4GHqMywptWU4jaWSf8FmSwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEMBQADggIBAHx4 7PYCLLtbfpIrXTncvtgdokIzTfnvpCo7RGkerNlFo048p9gkUbJUHJNOxO97k4Vg JuoJSOD1u8fpaNK7ajFxzHmuEajwmf3lH7wvqMxX63bEIaZHU1VNaL8FpO7XJqti 2kM3S+LGteWygxk6x9PbTZ4IevPuzz5i+6zoYMzRx6Fcg0XERczzF2sUyQQCPtIk pnnpHs6i58FZFZ8d4kuaPp92CC1r2LpXFNqD6v6MVenQTqnMdzGxRBF6XLE+0xRF FRhiJBPSy03OXIPBNvIQtQ6IbbjhVp+J3pZmOUdkLG5NrmJ7v2B0GbhWrJKsFjLt rWhV/pi60zTe9Mlhww6G9kuEYO4Ne7UyWHmRVSyBQ7N0H3qqJZ4d16GLuc1CLgSk ZoNNiTW2bKg2SnkheCLQQrzRQDGQob4Ez8pn7fXwgNNgyYMqIgXQBztSvwyeqiv5 u+YfjyW6hY0XHgL+XVAEV8/+LbzvXMAaq7afJMbfc2hIkCwU9D9SGuTSyxTDYWnP 4vkYxboznxSjBF25cfe1lNj2M8FawTSLfJvdkzrnE6JwYZ+vj+vYxXX4M2bUdGc6 N3ec592kD3ZDZopD8p/7DEJ4Y9HiD2971KE9dJeFt0g5QdYg/NA6s/rob8SKunE3 vouXsXgxT7PntgMTzlSdriVZzH81Xwj3QEUxeCp6 -----END CERTIFICATE----- 这三个都是 GlobalSign 根证书，属于同一家 CA 机构的不同根证书版本： 序号 名称 有效期 说明 第1段 GlobalSign Root CA - R3 2009 ~ 2029 较老的根证书，仍在用 第2段 GlobalSign Root CA - R6 2014 ~ 2034 较新的根证书 第3段 GlobalSign Root R46 2019 ~ 2046 最新的根证书 华为云IoT平台当前使用的服务器证书，其信任链追溯到的根证书是 GlobalSign Root CA - R3，所以我们只用到前面一段。 ps. 有两种方法：一、用字符串放在代码中；二、将文件烧录到 flash 中（这个还没学，以后学了单独拿出来说😛）。 3. 连接鉴权 4. 程序实现 4.1 mqtt_hw_iot.c #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <esp_log.h> #include <mqtt_client.h> #include <mbedtls/md5.h> #include <mbedtls/md.h> #include "mqtt_hw_iot.h" esp_mqtt_client_handle_t mqtt_handle = NULL; extern const char *hw_iot_cert; void mqtt_event_callback(void *event_handler_arg, esp_event_base_t event_base, int32_t event_id, void *event_data) { esp_mqtt_event_handle_t receive_data = event_data; switch (event_id) { case MQTT_EVENT_CONNECTED: ESP_LOGI("mqtt_hw_iot", "Connected to broker"); break; case MQTT_EVENT_DISCONNECTED: ESP_LOGI("mqtt_hw_iot", "Disconnected from broker"); break; case MQTT_EVENT_PUBLISHED: ESP_LOGI("mqtt_hw_iot", "mqtt publish ack"); break; case MQTT_EVENT_SUBSCRIBED: ESP_LOGI("mqtt_hw_iot", "ESP32 Subscribed ack"); break; case MQTT_EVENT_UNSUBSCRIBED: break; case MQTT_EVENT_DATA: ESP_LOGI("mqtt_hw_iot", "topic length: %d", receive_data->topic_len); ESP_LOGI("mqtt_hw_iot", "topic: %.*s", receive_data->topic_len, receive_data->topic); ESP_LOGI("mqtt_hw_iot", "data length: %d", receive_data->data_len); ESP_LOGI("mqtt_hw_iot", "data: %.*s", receive_data->data_len, receive_data->data); break; default: break; } } void mqtt_hw_iot_init(void) { esp_mqtt_client_config_t mqtt_cfg = {0}; mqtt_cfg.broker.address.uri = HW_IOT_URI; mqtt_cfg.broker.address.port = HW_IOT_PORT; mqtt_cfg.credentials.client_id = HW_IOT_CLIENT_ID; mqtt_cfg.credentials.username = HW_IOT_USERNAME; mqtt_cfg.credentials.authentication.password = HW_IOT_PASSWORD; mqtt_cfg.broker.verification.certificate = hw_iot_cert; // 验证证书 mqtt_handle = esp_mqtt_client_init(&mqtt_cfg); esp_mqtt_client_register_event(mqtt_handle, ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID, mqtt_event_callback, NULL); esp_mqtt_client_start(mqtt_handle); } const char *hw_iot_cert = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" "MIIDXzCCAkegAwIBAgILBAAAAAABIVhTCKIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwTDEgMB4G" "A1UECxMXR2xvYmFsU2lnbiBSb290IENBIC0gUjMxEzARBgNVBAoTCkdsb2JhbFNp" "Z24xEzARBgNVBAMTCkdsb2JhbFNpZ24wHhcNMDkwMzE4MTAwMDAwWhcNMjkwMzE4" "MTAwMDAwWjBMMSAwHgYDVQQLExdHbG9iYWxTaWduIFJvb3QgQ0EgLSBSMzETMBEG" "A1UEChMKR2xvYmFsU2lnbjETMBEGA1UEAxMKR2xvYmFsU2lnbjCCASIwDQYJKoZI" "hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMwldpB5BngiFvXAg7aEyiie/QV2EcWtiHL8" "RgJDx7KKnQRfJMsuS+FggkbhUqsMgUdwbN1k0ev1LKMPgj0MK66X17YUhhB5uzsT" "gHeMCOFJ0mpiLx9e+pZo34knlTifBtc+ycsmWQ1z3rDI6SYOgxXG71uL0gRgykmm" "KPZpO/bLyCiR5Z2KYVc3rHQU3HTgOu5yLy6c+9C7v/U9AOEGM+iCK65TpjoWc4zd" "QQ4gOsC0p6Hpsk+QLjJg6VfLuQSSaGjlOCZgdbKfd/+RFO+uIEn8rUAVSNECMWEZ" "XriX7613t2Saer9fwRPvm2L7DWzgVGkWqQPabumDk3F2xmmFghcCAwEAAaNCMEAw" "DgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgEGMA8GA1UdEwEB/wQFMAMBAf8wHQYDVR0OBBYEFI/wS3+o" "LkUkrk1Q+mOai97i3Ru8MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQBLQNvAUKr+yAzv95ZU" "RUm7lgAJQayzE4aGKAczymvmdLm6AC2upArT9fHxD4q/c2dKg8dEe3jgr25sbwMp" "jjM5RcOO5LlXbKr8EpbsU8Yt5CRsuZRj+9xTaGdWPoO4zzUhw8lo/s7awlOqzJCK" "6fBdRoyV3XpYKBovHd7NADdBj+1EbddTKJd+82cEHhXXipa0095MJ6RMG3NzdvQX" "mcIfeg7jLQitChws/zyrVQ4PkX4268NXSb7hLi18YIvDQVETI53O9zJrlAGomecs" "Mx86OyXShkDOOyyGeMlhLxS67ttVb9+E7gUJTb0o2HLO02JQZR7rkpeDMdmztcpH" "WD9f\n" "-----END CERTIFICATE-----"; 4.2 mqtt_hw_iot.h #ifndef MQTT_HW_IOT_H #define MQTT_HW_IOT_H #include <mqtt_client.h> #define HW_IOT_PRODUCTKEY "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" #define HW_IOT_CLIENT_ID "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" #define HW_IOT_USERNAME "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" #define HW_IOT_PASSWORD "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" #define HW_IOT_HOSTNAME "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" #define HW_IOT_URI "mqtts://" HW_IOT_HOSTNAME ":8883" #define HW_IOT_PORT 8883 extern esp_mqtt_client_handle_t mqtt_handle; void mqtt_hw_iot_init(void); void mqtt_event_callback(void *event_handler_arg, esp_event_base_t event_base, int32_t event_id, void *event_data); #endif 4.3 连接成功，状态显示“在线” 4.4 源码 https://github.com/skyrim-dev/esp32-s3-iot-ble-novice/tree/mqtt_hw_iot 博客导航 博客导航