面试题:线程池里究竟有多少线程在默默运行?

摘要:本文主要改编自文献1,最大改进是以dubbo EagerThreadPoolExecutor源码分析其实现机制。下面从一道面试题引入本文主题~~ 面试官:"假设有一个空的线程池,配置的核心线程数为10,最大线程数为
本文主要改编自文献1,最大改进是以dubbo EagerThreadPoolExecutor源码分析其实现机制。下面从一道面试题引入本文主题~~ 面试官:"假设有一个空的线程池,配置的核心线程数为10,最大线程数为20,任务队列长度为100。如果现在来了100个任务,那么线程池里有几个线程在运行?" 粉丝豪:"应该是10吧!" 面试官:"你确定?" 粉丝豪:"确定啊!就是10…"   于是乎,漂亮的HR小姐姐让粉丝豪回去等通知了~   大家如果看出来了此题的陷阱,就不用看本文了!其实,这道题正确的答案是"不一定!"因为并没指明是哪一种线程池机制,带着这个疑问继续往下看!我们基于jdk 8,以两类线程池机制——先放队列再创建线程和先创建线程再放入队列——来剖析这道面试题。 先放队列再创建线程   针对线程数为0的空线程池,来了任务之后,先创建核心线程,核心线程数用完后,新来的任务先进队列,在队列满的时候,再创建线程。这种情况是大家最容易想到的情况,因为JDK中的线程池,也就是ThreadPoolExecutor就是这种机制!OK,我们先来看一下ThreadPoolExecutor的void execute(Runnable command)方法源码,如下图所示: ThreadPoolExecutor中函数execute(Runnable command)源码   在int c = ctl.get()代码上方,折叠了如下所示的一段英文注释,解释了上述截图中的三步流程: /* * Proceed in 3 steps: * * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to * start a new thread with the given command as its first * task. The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false. * * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need * to double-check whether we should have added a thread * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none. * * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new * thread. If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated * and so reject the task. */   如果对英文不感冒,请参考下面的中文翻译: 判断当前活跃线程数是否小于corePoolSize,如果小于,则调用addWorker创建线程执行任务; 如果不小于corePoolSize,则将任务添加到workQueue队列; 如果放入workQueue失败,则创建线程执行任务,如果这时创建线程失败(当前线程数不小于maximumPoolSize时),就会调用函数reject拒绝接受任务。   用一张流程图来解释,如下: ThreadPoolExecutor中函数execute(Runnable command)源码   如图所示,默认的机制为线程池里的核心线程数不够了,后面进来的任务会先丢队列,当队列满了,才起新线程。   因此,按照这套机制!粉丝豪的回答是正确的,当有100个任务添加进来时,先创建10个核心线程,剩下90个任务都丢进阻塞队列,因此线程池里只有10个线程在执行任务! 先创建线程再放入队列   当核心线程数用完后,如果来了新任务,则先创建线程,直至达到最大线程数,再把新任务放入阻塞队列。在dubbo中,有一种这种机制的线程池叫EagerThreadPoolExecutor线程池;在Tomcat里面也有类似的线程池。   来看一下EagerThreadPoolExecutor源码: public class EagerThreadPoolExecutor extends ThreadPoolExecutor { /** * task count */ private final AtomicInteger submittedTaskCount = new AtomicInteger(0); public EagerThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, TaskQueue<Runnable> workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler handler) { super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, threadFactory, handler); } /** * @return current tasks which are executed */ public int getSubmittedTaskCount() { return submittedTaskCount.get(); } @Override protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) { submittedTaskCount.decrementAndGet(); } @Override public void execute(Runnable command) { if (command == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); } // do not increment in method beforeExecute! submittedTaskCount.incrementAndGet(); try { super.execute(command); } catch (RejectedExecutionException rx) { // retry to offer the task into queue. final TaskQueue queue = (TaskQueue) super.getQueue(); try { //将任务提交到队列中 if (!queue.retryOffer(command, 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) { submittedTaskCount.decrementAndGet(); throw new RejectedExecutionException("Queue capacity is full.", rx); } } catch (InterruptedException x) { submittedTaskCount.decrementAndGet(); throw new RejectedExecutionException(x); } } catch (Throwable t) { // decrease any way submittedTaskCount.decrementAndGet(); throw t; } } }   主要重写了ThreadPoolExecutor的函数void execute(Runnable command),如果触发拒绝策略,那么将任务提交到TaskQueue阻塞队列中,再看TaskQueue源码:    public class TaskQueue<R extends Runnable> extends LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable> { private static final long serialVersionUID = -2635853580887179627L; private EagerThreadPoolExecutor executor; public TaskQueue(int capacity) { super(capacity); } public void setExecutor(EagerThreadPoolExecutor exec) { executor = exec; } @Override public boolean offer(Runnable runnable) { if (executor == null) { throw new RejectedExecutionException("The task queue does not have executor!"); } int currentPoolThreadSize = executor.getPoolSize(); // have free worker. put task into queue to let the worker deal with task. //如果提交任务数小于当前工作线程数,说明当前工作线程足够处理任务,将提交的任务插入到工作队列 if (executor.getSubmittedTaskCount() < currentPoolThreadSize) { return super.offer(runnable); } // return false to let executor create new worker. //重写代码的精髓之处:如果提交任务数大于当前工作线程数并且小于最大线程数,说明提交的任务量线程已经处理不过来,那么需要增加线程数,返回false if (currentPoolThreadSize < executor.getMaximumPoolSize()) { return false; } // currentPoolThreadSize >= max //工作线程数到达最大线程数,插入到workqueue return super.offer(runnable); } /** * retry offer task * * @param o task * @return offer success or not * @throws RejectedExecutionException if executor is terminated. */ public boolean retryOffer(Runnable o, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException { if (executor.isShutdown()) { throw new RejectedExecutionException("Executor is shutdown!"); } return super.offer(o, timeout, unit); } }   主要重写了LinkedBlockingQueue的offer方法,而if (!queue.retryOffer(command, 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS))则调用offer,保证在当前线程数小于最大线程数时,直接新增线程。   因此,如果按照这么一套机制,粉丝豪的答案就不正确了。线程池启动完毕后进来100个任务时,直接会起20个线程,剩下的80个任务都会被丢进阻塞队列,综上所述,现在线程池里有20个线程在运行。 Reference https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26418435/article/details/102661092 dubbo四种线程池源码分析